4-Accessory+Organ+Disorders

=Accessory Organ Disorders=

HAIR
The human body is covered with millions of hairs. Follicles are required for hair growth and are already present from birth. Infants are born with a fine and soft hair called Lanugo. Most infants have lost this hair by the time of birth or shortly after and begin to grow new hair that is stronger and more pigmented. Hair covers your body except for a few places, including: palms, sole of your feet and your lips. You begin to grow hair in the axillary and pubic regions due to the secretion of hormones. Hair growth begins when cells of the epidermal layer of the skin grow down into the dermis, forming the hair follicle. The root of the hair is hidden in the follicle and is made up of the hair papilla and the hair bulb. The shaft is the part of the hair that shows and extends from the hair follicle. As long as cells in the papilla stay alive, new hair will replace any that is cut or pulled out. The arrector pili is a tiny smooth muscle and it attached to the base of a dermal papilla.


 * Alopecia** or **hair loss** is the medical description of the loss of hair from the head or body, sometimes to the extent of baldness. Unlike the common cosmetic depilation of body hair, alopecia tends to be involuntary and unwelcome, e.g., androgenic alopecia. However, it may also be caused by a psychological compulsion to pull out one's own hair or the unforeseen consequences of voluntary hairstyling routines (mechanical "traction alopecia" from excessively tight ponytails or braids, or burns, to the scalp from caustic hair relaxers, solutions or hot hair irons.) In some cases, alopecia is an indication of an underlying medical concern, such as iron deficiency.



=Ingrown Hairs= Main ingrown hair symptoms include constant tenderness in the affected area, itching, tingling, or mild to severe pain.

Consultation with a physician may be necessary in extreme cases. [[image:ingrown-hair-case3.jpg]]
=GLANDS= __**Skin glands**__ assist in wase product elimination. They also help with the homeostasis of body temperature. Skin glands are split into two categories. First, the E**ccrine glands** produce sweat, which cools the body and also emininates waste. The **Apocrine glands** secrete milky substances around places such as the armpits and genitals. The stench from this type of secretion is not caused by the accocrine glands themselves, but by the decomposition of skin bacteria. ]][] __**//click here to see picture of severe acne.//**__ A rare occuance is the sweating of blood, or **Hematidrosis**. Jesus sweat blood in the Garden of Gethsemane, due to high levels of stress. The capillaries in the body somehow burst and combine with sweat glands, and therefoe, sweat and blood mix with each other causing the subject to literally "//sweat blood//."
 * __The Sebaceous glands__** secrete oils for the hair and skin. It prevents cracking and drying of the skin. Too much secretion of these oils can produce **Acne Vulgaris**, which occurs mostly during adolescence primarily because of increased hormone levels. The **Sebaceous glands** become blocked and inflamed lesions appear, filled with white or black, pus-filled pimples.

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=Nails= Nails are classified as accessory organs of the skin. They are produced by cells in the epidermis. Nails are formed when the epidermal cells form over the terminals ends of your phalanges. Your phalanges fill with keratin and morph into a hard and platelike form. Under your fingernails or toenails, a layer of epithelium is contained, called the nail bed. The nail bed contains abundant blood vessels, which means the coloring of the outside layer appears a pink-ish color on the surface of the translucent nail bodies. However, if and when oxygen levels drop, cyanosis can be developed, and then the nail bed will become blue. (Information via Anatomy and Physiology textbook)

Nail Disorders Paronychia: these infections of the nail fold can be caused by bacteria, fungi and some viruses. The proximal and lateral nail folds act as a barrier, or seal, between the nail plate and the surrounding tissue. If a tear or a break occurs in this seal, the bacterium can easily enter. this type of infection is characterized by pain, redness and swelling of the nail folds. People who have their hands in water for extended periods may develop this condition, and it is highly contagious. Tinea Unguis: or ringworm of the nails, is characterized by nail thickening, deformity, and eventually results in nail plate loss. Pterygium: the inward advance of skin over the nail plate, usually the result of trauma to the matrix due to a surgical procedure or by a deep cut to the nail plate. Pterygium results in the loss of the nail plate due to the development of scar tissue. Cortisone is used to prevent the advancement of scar tissue. Never attempt to remove pterygium -instead, consult a physician for advice and treatment. (This disease can only be treated by a physician and cannot and should not be removed by a nail technician) (Disease information found at [|[[http://hooked-on-nails.com/naildisorders.html]]][|)]

Parker Rayl Kirstie Webster Sydnee Hines